Back to the index. Or to the chambers

This article has 5 links. View as Cloud or List.

Equation Variable Integral Topics On Calculus Integration By Parts

1	Variable
1	Equation
2	Integral
2	Topics On Calculus
6	Integration By Parts

No pages link here.

Planetmath Browser (2008—2009)

BSD licence | A django site

All articles taken from PlanetMath.org snapshot under CC-BY-SA licence.

→ The original article on PlanetMath.org

Other Formats: LaTeX

New! You can click on formulas to copy the LaTeX source to your clipboard. | Math Videos

Example Of Integration By Parts Involving Algebraic Manipulation

For some integrals which require integration by parts, it may be necessary to treat the integral like a variable and solve for it. For example, consider the integral

$\displaystyle \int e^x\cos x\, dx.$

Using integration by parts with the substitutions

$\begin{displaymath}\begin{array}{rlcrl} u & = \cos x & \quad & dv & =e^x\, dx \\ du & =-\sin x\, dx & & v & =e^x, \end{array}\end{displaymath}$

we obtain

$\displaystyle \int e^x\cos x\, dx=e^x\cos x+\int e^x\sin x\, dx.$

Using integration by parts on the integral on the right hand side with the substitutions

$\begin{displaymath}\begin{array}{rlcrl} u & =\sin x & \quad & dv & =e^x\, dx \\ du & =\cos x\, dx & & v & =e^x, \end{array}\end{displaymath}$

we obtain

$\displaystyle \int e^x\cos x\, dx=e^x\cos x+e^x\sin x-\int e^x\cos x\, dx.$

The “trick” is to add $\int e^x\cos x\, dx$ to both sides of the equation. Some people find this concept surprising at first sight, especially since most people who are taking calculus for the first time do not use equations when showing their work for integration. For integrals such as $\int e^x\cos x\, dx$ , writing out an equation is essential.

After adding $\int e^x\cos x\, dx$ to both sides of the above equation, we will need a on the right hand side. Thus, we obtain

$\displaystyle 2\int e^x\cos x\, dx=e^x\cos x+e^x\sin x+C.$

Therefore, we can figure out what $\int e^x\cos x\, dx$ is by dividing both sides by

, which yields

$\displaystyle \int e^x\cos x\, dx=\frac{1}{2}\left( e^x\cos x+e^x\sin x+C \right).$

On the other hand, since

is an arbitrary constant, we generally write

$\displaystyle \int e^x\cos x\, dx=\frac{1}{2}\left( e^x\cos x+e^x\sin x \right)+C$

with the understanding that the constant

in the final equation may not have the same value as

appearing in equations in previous steps.